The Ancient Egypt Site - The Pyramid of Khendjer

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Khendjer, a king of the 13th Dynasty whose name hints at a Syrio-Palestinian origin, built his funerary monument between the pyramid of Pepi II at Saqqara and that of Sesostris III at Dashur. It is the only pyramid dated to the 13th Dynasty that appears to ahve been completed. The now badly ruined complex consisted of the main pyramid, a mortuary temple built against the east face of the pyramid, and, to the northeast, a smaller satelite pyramid. This makes Khendjer's complex the only known 13th Dynasty complex that had a subsidiary pyramid. A small chapel was built against the north face of the main pyramid. The north wall of this chapel contained a false door through which the king's soul could travel. Fragments of reliefs show typical offering scenes. An inner enclosure wall separates the main pyramid from the satelite pyramid, while and outer wall encloses the entire complex. The main pyramid originally rose to a height of 37.35m, with a base of 52.5m and a slope of 55°. Today it stands to a mere height of 1m. Encased in fine limestone, the core of the pyramid consisted of mudbricks that were laid against a mantle of black stones. The pyramidion was made of black granite and was found near the scanty remains of the monument.		Map of the pyramid complex of Khendjer. Source: Lehner, Complete Pyramids, p. 186.
		The pyramidion that once topped Khendjer's funerary monument, restored from several fragments found nearby.
The entrance to the pyramid is located in the southern half of the west face of the pyramid. A stairway leads down to a portcullis chamber that shows a strong resemblance with the portcullis chambers of the two pyramids at Mazghuna, an indication that the three monuments were probably built in the same timeframe.
		Cut-away of Khendjer's pyramid complex. Source: Lehner, Complete Pyramids, p. 186.
A second stairway leads further down towards a doorway that was once closed by a double wooden door. After a second portcullis chamber, the corridor turns north, with a second corridor branching off to the west, towards the burial chamber. The burial chamber was built of a single block of quartzite, with two quartzite beams forming the roof. The canopic chest and sarcophagus were placed in two receptacles that were carved out into the floor of the burial chamber. The small subsidiary pyramid had a much simpler substructure with its entrance located in the east. A stairway leads down to a central antechamber from which two burial chambers branch north and south. Both burial chambers contained a sarcophagus, which never appears to have been closed. It is not certain if this subsidiary pyramid was intended as a satelite pyramid, for the king's Ka, or as a Queen's pyramid.